Part IV (1978 - Present)
1978--

Bloody Communist coup: Daoud is killed, Taraki is named President, and Karmal becomes his deputy Prime Minister. Tensions
rise.
Mass arrests, tortures, and arrests takes place.
Afghan flag is changed.
Taraki signs treaty of friendship with the Soviet Union.
June--Afghan guerrilla (Mujahideen) movement is born.
1979--

Mass killings
US ambassador killed
Taraki is killed and Hafizullah Amin takes the Presidency.
Amin is executed, and he is replaced with Babrak Karmal.
Soviet Union (Russia) invade in December.
1980--

Dr. Najibullah is brought back from USSR to run the secret police.

1984--

UN sends investigators to Afghanistan to examine reported human rights violations.

1986--

Babrak Karmal is replaced by Dr. Najibullah.

1987--

Najibullah proposes ceasefire, but the Mujahideen refuse to deal with a "puppet government".
Mujahideen make great gains, defeat of Soviets eminent.
1988--1989--

Peace accords signed in Geneva.
Soviet Union defeated by Afghanistan, total withdrawal by the Soviets occurred on Feb. 15, 1989.
Experts agree that at least 40,000-50,000 Soviets lost their lives in action, besides the wounded, suicides, and murders.

Mujahideen continue to fight against Najibullah's regime.
May--Afghan guerrillas elect Sibhhatullah Mojadidi as head of their government-in-exile.
1992--

April 15--The Mujahideen take Kabul and liberate Afghanistan, Najibullah is protected by UN.
The Mujahideen form an Islamic State--Islamic Jihad Council--elections.
Iranian and Pakistani interference increases--more fighting--
Professor Burhannudin Rabbani is elected President.
1994--

The Taliban militia are born, and advance rapidly against the Rabbani government.
Dostum and Hekmatyar continued to clash against Rabbani's government, and as a result Kabul is reduced to rubble.
1995--

Massive gains by the Taliban.
Increased Pakistani and Iranian interference.
1996--

June--Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, head of Hezbi-Islami, having been eliminated as a military power, signs a peace pact with Rabbani,
and returns to Kabul to rule as prime minister.
September 27--Taliban militia force President Rabbani and his government out of Kabul. After the capture of Kabul, the Taliban
execute Najibullah.
Alliance between Government, Hezbi Wahdat, and Dostum
Oppression of women by the Taliban--women must be fully veiled, no longer allowed to work, go out alone or even wear white
socks. Men are forced to grow beards. Buzkashi, the Afghan national sport is outlawed.
Tensions rise as Afghan government accuse Pakistan of aiding the Taliban.
Massive human rights violations by the Taliban.
1997--

Mass graves of Taliban soldiers containing between 1,500 and 2,000 bodies are found. The men were believed to have been captured
in May by general Abdul Malik during the Taliban's brief takeover of Mazar-i-Sharif.
1998--

February--Earthquake strikes in northeastern Afghansitan, killing over 4,000 people, destroying villages and leaving thousands
of people homeless.
August--Taliban finally capture Mazar-i-Sharif, and massacre thousands of innocent civilians afterwards, mostly Hazaras.
August 20th--United States launches cruise missles hitting Afghanistan's Khost region. US states its intent was to destroy
so called terrorist bases/training facilities used by Osama bin Laden and his followers. Some Afghan civilians are also killed.

September--Tensions rise between Iran and the Taliban. Iranians are angry about the killing of their diplomats and a journalist
by the Taliban when they captured Mazar-i-Sharif. Soon they deploy 70,000 troops to carry out military exercises near the
Afghan border. In the end, no fighting occurs between the Taliban and the Iranian army.
1999--

February--Earthquake hits eastern Afghanistan, affecting over 30,000 people, and killing at least 60 to 70 people.
September--The ex-king of Afghanistan, Mohammad Zahir Shah, calls for a grand assembly, or Loya Jirga to discuss ways of bringing
peace to the country. The United Front soon welcomes the idea, but the Taliban ridicule Mohammad Zahir Shah's attempts at
establishing peace.
October-- UN Security Council Resolution 1267 is adopted; sanctions against the Taliban on grounds that they offered sanctuary
to Osama bin Ladin.
2000--

May--Taliban torture and kill civilians in the Robatak Pass
(on the border between Baghlan and Samangan provinces).
September--Taloqan finally falls to the Taliban.
December-- UN Security Council Resolution 1333 is adopted; additional sanctions against the Taliban for their continuing support
of terrorism and cultivation of narcotics, etc.
2001--

January--Taliban torture and kill numerous civilians in Yakaolang (Hazaras).
March--Despite pleas and requests from various international diplomats, Islamic scholars, the Taliban destroy ancient historical
statues in the Kabul Museum, historical sites in Ghazni, and blow up the giant Bamiyan Buddhas from the 5th century. World
expresses outrage and disgust against the Taliban action.
April--Ahmad Shah Masood visits Europe to gather support against the Taliban.
April--UN accuses Pakistan of not allowing adequate supply of food and medicines to displaced Afghans, at the Jalozai camp,
near Peshawar.